EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTICS IN A BROAD RANGE OF STRAIN RATES

Abstract


The paper presents a review of testing fiber-reinforced plastics for strength and elasticity characteristics at high strain rates. Particular attention is paid to strain rate ranges covered, conformity of stress state to the expected one, and validity of failure mode. The review is presented in an “approach, configuration, method” paradigm, where the configuration means geometry of the specimen and auxiliary equipment, the approach is either to create a simple configuration with a complex stress state (non-classical approach), or a complex configuration providing a homogeneous stress state (classical approach). Finally, the method is a combination of configuration and test facilities. This narration logic allows us to systematize a large number of experimental methods and outline the ways of their further development. In addition, the paper presents original methods and results of the tests carried out by the authors. These methods add to a collection of experimental techniques and expand the range of strain rates covered. In particular, the strain rate range for tensile tests of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced plastics along fibers is significantly extended by applying the configuration of a wound ring specimen, in the methods of ring expansion (strain rates of the order of 5×102 s-1 are obtained) and exploding wire (strain rates of 1.5×104 s 1 are obtained). The range of strain rates for tension transverse to fibers was also extended by plate impact tests. In the experiment, strength values of 45 and 55 MPa were obtained for a tensile strain rate of 1.5×104 s 1, which is two and a half times higher than the strength in static experiments.

Full Text

Определение влияния скорости деформации на механическое поведение полимерных композиционных материалов (ПКМ) требуется для проектирования энергопоглощающих систем и конструкций для нужд авиации [1, 2, 3], автомобильной техники [4, 5], проектирования сосудов, работающих под давлением [6] и элементов защиты [7], устойчивых к высокоскоростным столкновениям. Для создания таких систем используются гибридные [8] и традиционные композиты [9, 10] на полимерной основе, а также металло-композиты [11]. Современный инженерный подход к созданию таких систем и конструкций подразумевает, что в начале поведение конструкции моделируется, а потом проводятся натурные испытания при высоких скоростях деформации. Важно, чтобы применяемые при моделировании механические характеристики материалов были получены на основе высокоскоростных, а не квазистатических испытаний элементарных образцов. В противном случае, поведение конструкции при моделировании не соответствует реальному [12]. Несмотря на развитие методов и инструментальных средств экспериментальных исследований материалов различной физической природы [13], задача определения механических характеристик полимерных композиционных материалов (ПКМ) в широком диапазоне скоростей деформации остается актуальной. В этой статье будет дан обзор методов определения механических характеристик и предложены собственные наработки авторов по данной теме. Необходимо заметить, что за пределами данного обзора оставлены методы исследования такой важной характеристики как трещиностойкость при высоких скоростях деформации, так как эта тема настолько обширна, что требует отдельного обзора. Также, не будут упоминаться исследования таких прочностных характеристик, как параметры многоосных критериев разрушения [14], так как экспериментальные методы для данной задачи отчасти те же, что и для «простых» характеристик, или же, наоборот, являются уникальными [15] и не распространены широко.

About the authors

S. D Konev

Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation

A. Yu Konstantinov

Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

I. V Sergeichev

Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation

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