PNRPU Bulletin. Electrotechnics, Informational Technologies, Control Systems

The additional professional program of polytechnic university staff in pedagogical field is presented. The title of program is «The Teacher of the Professional Training, Professional Education and Additional Professional Education. The federal state educational standard in education and pedagogical science (44.06.01 - higher qualification specialist) and the professional standard (01.004 - the teacher of professional training, professional education and additional professional education) are the foundation of this program. «The Teacher of the Professional Training, Professional Education and Additional Professional Education» program comprises two academic modules: the state policy in education field as the first module and the second module has the same title as the program. The first academic module includes several topics: the education system structure of the Russian Federation, the organization principles of educational activities, the rights and responsibilities of teachers and students, the state planning and regulation of educational activities, the management of the education system, economic fundamentals and financial support, the international cooperation in the educational field. The second academic module includes the other topics: the provisions of the professional standard 01.004 and practical classes in engineering pedagogy. The practical classes themes are the concept and description of training objectives, the structure of training material, the human information processing (attention and fatigue, memory and forgetting, motivation training), the organization of learning and leadership style of the students, the training tools and training methodology. The participants of the additional professional program from polytechnic university staff defend the final certification work. The individual assignments for the final certification work are the development of methodical guidelines for different disciplines, students’ methodical guidelines on research work, lecture courses and manuals, textbooks, manuals to laboratory work, manuals to self-study work.

For power cables the main influencing factor in the process of operation, determining their efficiency is the thermal conditions, influenced by the following factors: geometrical parameters of conduit and structural elements of cable lines, the method of laying of cables, thermal characteristics of the materials used, the conditions of complex heat transfer, the effect of induced electric currents arising in metallic elements of design power cable, and many others. Thus, the design of cable channels and ensuring the efficiency of cable lines in the complex conditions of heat exchange with the environment is impossible without a thorough understanding of the processes of heat and mass transfer in conduit taking into account realized in the cable lines of alternating electromagnetic fields and induced currents in the metallic screens. One of the main instruments for obtaining a given output and allowing you to minimize costly field tests are the methods of mathematical modeling and numerical experiment. The article considers a two-dimensional mathematical model of heat and mass transfer processes for different methods of laying cable lines suspended railway bridge. the implementation of which was carried out numerically by the finite element method using ANSYS software, ANSYS Fluent. As a result of joint solution of tasks of complex heat transfer and electrodynamics of the distributions fields of the velocity and temperature for different variants of laying cable lines on the bridge. The influence of the location of the cable line on the maximum temperature in isolation, and defined by its relationship with the intensity of convective heat transfer. The values of permissible currents in all methods of laying, the surface temperature of the insulation in all cases did not exceed the maximum allowable. The analysis revealed that a significant effect on the maximum load current provides a method of laying cable lines. Justified by the most rational method of laying cables in a suspension bridge.

Russia's energy sector in recent years has lagged behind foreign countries in order to catch up with these countries need to significantly upgrade and modernise technology and energy should start with energy efficiency (COP). The best domestic steam power thermal power plants operating on gas have efficiency of not more than 39%. The efficiency of a modern combined-cycle plants reaches 55-60%. They are based on gas turbines of high power with an efficiency approaching 40%, and the gas temperature at the inlet to 1500°C. The outlet gas is cooled to a temperature of 600°C, sufficient to generate water vapor high pressure coming into the steam turbine. The annual input of combined-cycle plants in the world in the last decade amounted to about 85 million kW, and in the current decade will amount to 107 million kW, nearly half of all new capacity [1]. Increase efficiency in the energy sector is one of the main challenges facing the energy community, because it directly depends on revenue and the quality of the delivered energy. However, the increase in efficiency is possible without using existing and new technologies in the energy sector. There is a wide range of technologies to ensure the realization of the objectives of energy efficiency in the Russian power industry. One of the areas is the generation of a double cycle, higher steam parameters, combined coal power plants. Examples can be seen in gas generation is a highly efficient PSU with an efficiency of up to 60 % in coal - fired electricity generation the transition to superovercritical parameters with an efficiency of up to 46 %. However, be aware that the introduction of new technologies and the modernization of already installed capacity requires large investments. The aim of this work is to analyze the current status of existing and introduction of new technologies and technical means in the field of energy to increase efficiency. The main objectives of the study: тo give basic concepts on the subject; сonsider the problem of improving efficiency in the energy sector in Russia; тo explore the development and introduction of new technologies and technical means in the field of energy; тo develop measures to improve efficiency through the use of new technologies in the energy field. Method of research - study and analysis of problems use technology and technical means to increase efficiency in the energy sector. The main reasons for low efficiency in the energy industry identifying and problems of using new technologies in the energy industry. Developed activities to increase efficiency through the use of new technologies and technical means in the field of energy.

Energy is present in the expanses of the Universe and in the bowels of the Earth. Its flows pervade the space. The lives of people and their material well-being directly depend on energy availability and the country's wealth from energy resources. At the same time, in the scientific literature, textbooks for technical universities, there are discrepancies, confusion in terms and definitions on this topic and no definition about energy. Based on the analysis, offered a clear and precise wording. It is necessary to strictly delineate the concepts of "forms of energy" and "types of energy", they are mixed even by venerable authors. The form of motion of matter determines the form of energy. Within each form of energy (motion) there are two types of energy. Potential energy "promises" the work, kinetic - it turns into it. In the modern list of forms of energy are 14 items. It probably is not the final one. It is assumed the existence of a vacuum energy inherent in the vacuum of space as the form of matter. It is underlined: increasing loads on the Nature (greenhouse effect, adding energy). The reserves of traditional fuel are depleted and the issue of the transition to the Green Energy is more acute.

The model of the surface deformation during cyclic interaction of the contact pairs of electrical machine is considered. In particular the profile deformation in form of astigmatism is emphasized. The Herzberger's dispersion formula is applied to create model. The mechanical force and electrodynamic action are taken into account to estimate surface deformation. These factors lead to the asymmetry of the surface having the axially symmetric shape in the beginning of the process. The results show significant dependencies of form of the inequality on the asymmetry. The findings are useful to predict the reliability of electromechanical contact elements during operation.

Wireless networks are widely used for Internet access in public places, trading centers and educational institutions. The study of user activity in these places can help solve marketing, security, location problems, monitoring of public transport. The article describes an experiment to measure the activity of users in wireless networks of Petrozavodsk University, for which was developed a method for determining activity without the need to access service equipment and personal data, as well as a software complex that implements this method. The article also analyzes the results of the experiment: the hours of the greatest and the least activity, the effect on the activity of the schedule, the dynamics of user returns to the network, etc. The information obtained is used to solve the problem of determining the permissible restriction of the speed of Internet access for users of the network. This task arises in the network of Petrozavodsk University in connection with the difficulty of individual elements of the educational and work process due to a strict speed limit for all users. To solve this problem, a number of equations are derived that take into account the typical behavior of wireless network users, user activity and the capacity of external network channels. Computed rates for speed limits significantly exceed the established indicators in the network of Petrozavodsk University during hours of average and minimum network load. The results obtained can be used in corporate networks to dynamically calculate the permissible speed limit, which can improve the quality of user service.

Electronic regulators of aircraft engines (also called RED - electronic engine regulators) are designed to provide the required efficiency in current conditions, as well as in conditions of deterioration of parameters or with partial engine failures. In the event of a complete engine failure, there remains hope for a second or other engines (if any). In some cases, it is possible to restart the failed engine. However, the RED is also subject to failures, therefore, as a reservoir for managing the gas turbine engine, a hydromechanical system is used that allows the engine to be controlled almost "manually". This additional control loop increases the weight and dimensions, the costs of production, operation and maintenance of the engine. The analysis shows that the majority of manufacturers are guided by the transition to a fully electronic control system of the aircraft, including a gas turbine engine. Such a RED is called REDPO, an electronic motor controller with full responsibility (or FADEC - Full Authority Digital Engine Control system). However, in order to completely abandon duplicating automation, a super reliable RED is needed. Existing redundant REDs are built using the redundancy also of sensor circuits, actuators. For example, use two channels of RED. In this case, the information they provide is compared with each other, but only one channel is the main (command) information for this engine start. In this case, the channels themselves are also duplicated "inside". That is, there are actually 4 control channels. As a part of the RED, programmable logic integrated circuits (FPGAs), for example, type FPGA (field-programmable gate array), microcontrollers, systems on a chip are widely used. It is proposed to increase the reliability of the RED using innovative logic elements of FPGAs based on both sliding redundancy and redundancy at the transistor level. The article analyzes the results of evaluating the reliability of such elements.