Vol 18, No 1 (2018)
- Year: 2018
- Articles: 8
- URL: https://ered.pstu.ru/index.php/geo/issue/view/104
Abstract
The paper presents the zonal probability and statistical assessment of the generation potential of deposits that form oil and gas potential of the territory of Visimskaya monocline. Databases on geochemical and bituminological characteristics of dispersed organic matter (DOM) in Domanicoid type deposits of the Upper Devonian-Tournaisian formation were used. The following indicators were used: content of organic carbon Sorg, %; organic matter OM, %; composition of DOM (content of bitumoids: % - chloroform - CBE, petroleum - PB, alcohol-benzene - ABB, humic acids - HumA, %, insoluble residue - IR, %) and characteristics of DOM conversion (ratio of chloroform bitumen to alcohol-benzene one - CBE/ABB, bitumoid coefficient - β), as well as the conversion factor for Sorg - Kc. In order to determine the informativeness of these characteristics, the Student’s ( t ) and Pearsonʼs (c2) statistical criteria were used. When building models for predicting the zonal oil and gas potential of the territory of Visimskaya monocline, one-dimensional and step-by-step multidimensional regression analyzes were used, which allowed to construct one-dimensional and multidimensional regression linear models. Using the step-by-step multidimensional regression analysis a complex criterion was developed taking into account influence of each geochemical indicator separately and their combinations. This made it possible to construct a scheme for distribution of probability of petroleum potential of the territory of Visimskaya monocline. Analysis of the scheme showed that the most favorable geochemical conditions for the formation of petroleum potential due to DOM are observed in the central part of Visimskaya monocline (within the Maykorskoye field and surrounding area, bounded by the likelihood more than 0.5). Besides, areas in the south of Visimskaya monocline in the territories where > 0.5 are of particular interes in terms of zonal oil and gas potential. North of Visimskaya monocline probably has a certain interest as well.
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Abstract
The paper discusses the method of well reconstruction using sidetracks drilling as a method for searching prospective formations in Perm region. At the moment, there are small-size reservoirs of less than 100 thousand tonnes of resources included in located and prepared formations. Drilling of the reservoirs is unprofitable. Drilling a sidetrack from wells located near promising reservoirs can be more economical way to solve the problem. Drilling of sidetracks has become one of the most investment-attractive technologies aimed at stabilizing and further increasing oil production from fields being developed. This method is used to intensify the system of field development, increase the rate of oil extraction from productive formations and actually replaces the compaction of the well grid. Appropriate technologies help to save a well as well as construction and development costs. In presence of candidate wells, including plugged and abandoned one, located near promising structures, it becomes important to search for them using sidetrack drilling as a method of geological exploration. The paper describes the technology of side tracks construction and presents the algorithm of works designed. Well stock of LUKOIL-PERM LLC and geological structure of promising objects were analyzed. The technical possibility of well reconstruction by sidetracking was considered. Criteria for candidate wells and “window” kickoff intervals to be selected are defined. Calculation of profiles of second well bores for recommended wells was made, various aspects related to their construction were worked out. As a result of the work it was proposed to include these activities in the geological exploration program of LUKOIL-PERM LLC. Results of the work have practical significance and can be used in production activities of oil and gas companies.
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Abstract
Using the model developed in the paper, the process of genesis in depths of the planet of all chemical elements given in the Periodic Mendeleev's system is presented. Formation of nuclei and atoms occurs according to the elementary reactions of the interaction of electrons, neutrinos and protons entering the subsoil with high-energy cosmic streams and as a result of high-temperature dissociation of water descending into the depths of the planet under the action of gravity. Matter synthesis goes on the principle of a simple chemical element to the complex. It is mathematically expressed in terms of the relative time of formation of any chemical element of the Periodic System in hydrogen. This time indirectly indicates the prevalence of a chemical element in nature. Formation of chemical elements occurs with the release of a large amount of thermal energy, which heats the magma, moving it to the sides with a lower energy level. Getting into areas with a lower energy level, atoms of chemical elements interact with each other and form various molecular compounds according to chemical reactions. Moving magma affects the crust of the planet. As a result, cracks and faults are formed in thin places of the crust. Chemical elements and molecular compounds rise to the surface under the action of high pressure and temperature. Massive chemical elements and heavy substances are deposited in deeper layers of the earth's crust or carried to the surface with magma. Light matter such as hydrocarbons reaches the surface through cracks and fractures. Oil is formed from condensed hydrocarbons; gas is formed from uncondensed ones. When they enter geological confined spaces, they form new or fill the known formations and field being developed. If there are no closed cavities in the way of hydrocarbons, then hydrocarbons appear on the surface as emissions from faults and mud volcanoes. The model reflects reverse processes such as dissociation of chemical elements into protons, electrons and electrons. During the dissociation, energy is absorbed; a local compression of the magma occurs. Expansion of magma during the formation of chemical elements and its contraction during their dissociation cause low and high frequency pulsations of the planet, during which excess energy is discharged into space. It is indicated that initially all chemicals, including water, were formed in the mantle from high-energy particles such as protons, electrons and neutrinos emitted by the sun and space. It means that our planet is the product of protons, electrons and neutrinos. The main provisions of the developed model are confirmed by results of experimental studies of similar processes and results of geological and geophysical studies in the Black and Caspian Seas, on sea and ocean shelves as well as on the Kolskaya ultradeep well. This allowed to assert that the developed model has a fairly high degree of reliability.
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Abstract
Nowdays, reserves complex in terms of geology, pressure and temperature are involved into production. That is accompanied by the increase in use of non-aqueous process fluids, especially invert-emulsion drilling muds. One of the key problems that are an obstacle for mass application of non-aqueous fluids in construction and completion of wells is a high man-made effect on the environment due to their environmental hazard and need to ensure enhanced industrial safety measures when used in field conditions. The classification of dispersion media used in modern non-aqueous process liquid formulations is proposed. The following indicators of “environmental friendliness” and industrial safety of this type of liquids are considered: toxic effects on ecosystems, ability to degrade in the natural environment to safe products under the influence of microorganisms, indicators of industrial sanitation and fire safety. The factors affecting the flash point temperature of non-aqueous process fluids were analyzed. Stricter requirements for environmental readings of the dispersion medium of process fluids on a non-aqueous basis will improve the environmental situation in areas of drilling operations. Knowing the basics of management of fire-hazardous properties of this type of liquids will increase the industrial safety of their use in field conditions. The aspects of environmental and industrial safety of process fluids on a non-water basis, presented in the paper, will be useful for specialists in the field of drilling and production who are engaged in design and development of process fluids, including shale oil and gas deposits.
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Abstract
Mechanisms of formation of deposition of asphaltenes, resins and paraffins (DARP) are considered. Molecular diffusion based on the influence of the temperature gradient is the main mechanism for DARP formation. The analysis of existing methods against DARP is given. Modern methods of DARP prevention that affect the temperature gradient are aimed at maintaining the oil temperature above the crystallization temperature of paraffin. The cold flow method is an alternative control method which involves cooling the oil to a surrounding temperature. The purpose of the work is to assess the effectiveness of the cold flow method against DARP; its advantages and disadvantages are revealed. In order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. The sample of oil and produced water was taken at the pumping station. Using gas chromatography, the fractional composition of an oil sample was determined using the SimDis method. Using a calibration table, a component composition of oil up to C52 was calculated using values of boiling point and equations of fluid state were formed in PVTsim software. Rheological studies of the transported oil are carried out. Based on results of laboratory studies in OLGA software package, a hydraulic calculation of the pipeline was performed for various values of the flow temperature using the “Wax deposition” paraffin deposition module on the Matzain model. Thus, having the flow with temperature equal to the ambient temperature, in 10 days 5.6 kg of paraffin is formed on pipeline walls, whereas in the current conditions it is 100 kg. As a result, it is established that the effectiveness of the application of the cold flow method against DARP is 94 %. Proposed method can significantly reduce production costs associated with paraffin oil transportation.
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Abstract
Patterns of formation of the thermal regime of the mine workings in oil mines are experimentaly studied. Results are described on example of oil mine No. 1 of the Oil Mine Control Unit Yareganeft of LUKOIL-Komi LLC. In the example given the thermal regime of mine workings is largely determined by the unique technology of oil extraction by the thermal mining method used in the Yaregskoye field of high-viscosity oil and involving the injection of superheated water vapor into the reservoir. That leads to subsequent heating of an oil reservoir and oil contained. Measurements of microclimatic parameters in mine workings (temperature, relative humidity, air velocity) were used to develop a computer model of the mine ventilation network in the AeroSet analytical complex and further analysis of the distribution of microclimatic parameters on this model. During the experimental survey the effectiveness of various mining engineering measures currently used at the oil mine and reducing the influence of the heavy thermal regime in the workings of oil mines was also investigated. The research conducted allowed to identify factors that form microclimatic conditions in various mine workings such as in the main air supply and ventilation workings, in the opening and development workings, and also in the process chambers. The most significant processes that caused nonstationarity of the thermal regime of the mine workings of the oil mine are described. Classification of these factors was carried out depending on the direction of their thermal effect, on the location of the source and on the final mechanism of heat transfer. Classification in terms of the microclimatic parameters of air in oil mine No. 1 presented in graphics is the main result of the work. This classification is the basis for the development of mathematical models of unsteady heat and mass transfer processes occurring in oil mines.
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Abstract
Work at high-tech refineries is characterized by such the main factors as complexity of workers' duties (pace, nature of mental tasks), intense static and dynamic loads, irrational work regime. It is known that the decrease in work efficiency is the result of the influence of factors of the labor process (the monotony of external stimuli, long stay in the required working position, restriction of physical activity, relative isolation and sensory insufficiency). That is caused by the development of inhibition in the cerebral cortex and weakening of excitatory process. Arrival of the signal expected is associated with the transition to intensive activities at the control panel according to a specific algorithm or the operator’s labor intensity in the long standby mode. The paper presents results of studies of the basic physiological parameters of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems of operators during 12-hour work shifts. The assessment confirmed the high “physiological cost” of the operators' work activity, myocardial hypoxia observed in the work shift process, reduced mental performance, development of fatigue, therefore, conditions for reducing the reaction rate and possible error actions of the staff in this work process organization. In addition, the probability of provoking negative changes in the health of operators and possibility of developing a number of cardiovascular diseases, including those caused by production activities, have been confirmed. There is a need to develop individual strategies to adapt to the labor process, taking into account age and professional features of the activity, as well as the development of rational shift regimes of work and rest for working on 12-hour work schedules taking into account the regular changes in the phase character of working capacity in order to optimize conditions and increase productivity.
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Abstract
Early detection of occupational pathology is one of the areas of prevention of the diseases of workers employed in hazardous and dangerous areas of work. Medical examinations are carried out to ensure the protection of personnel health. Nevertheless, value of such examinations is decreased due to the lack of consideration of inspections results in collaboration with the labor protection service. Therefore, there is a need to use information systems for dynamic monitoring of personnel health when technological process is intensive. Such important components as working conditions, occupational morbidity and changes in health status are not summarized in the existing hygienic assessment of professional risks in the management system. Therefore, occupational safety measures duplicate each other in the workplaces and departments of the organization, are formed without taking into account deviations in health status personnel and production risks. Thus, it is necessary to conduct analytical studies, which include the analysis and assessment of occupational diseases, working conditions, occupational examinations. According to results of the studies an electronic database should be created. The purpose of the stage is both to analyze data on working conditions, occupational diseases, state of personnel’ health and to create an algorithm to improve the system of occupational risks management. This will allow to carry out the comprehensive assessment of the occupational risk to determine occupational diseases at earlier stages, identify the predisposition to occupational diseases and develop targeted preventive, rehabilitation measures and individual recommendations to preserve personnel' health. The results of the evaluation of the professional risk can be used to monitor the impact of working conditions on changes in the health status of workers in conditions of technical re-equipment of production. Based on the information of Yareganeft Oil Mine Control Unit, the production health disorders (diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular systems, musculoskeletal system, hearing impairment) of workers (drifter, timber man, operator of oil and gas production, operator of a mining machine, employees of the management staff etc.) is evaluated depending on working conditions, work experience. The number of cases of work incapacity with the establishment of reasons was estimated. Indicators of relative risk and class of working conditions depending on the profession are given.
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