Perm Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering

In recent years, geological prospecting and geophysical works in Azerbaijan were carried out in considerable volume in order to study an oil and gas potential of Meso-Cenozoic deposits. Based on the results of these studies the criteria were developed as the basis for further research. It is known that the sedimentation basin mainly dipped in the Meso-Cenozoic time. As a result, the researchers have no doubt about the potential of these deposits in the central part of the studied area and at greater depths, but there have been no precise calculations yet. In order to solve this problem, we have studied the reservoir rocks properties of considered ages of Khudat, Yalama oil and gas bearing structures and Siyazan monocline formed in Gusar-Davachi superimposed mulde in various geological conditions and at different depths. For an easier analysis, all the actual data are given in tables showing the physical parameters of the different rock types, involved in geological structure of oil and gas bearing areas. In order to clarify the obtained results and the changes nature study of the considered physical properties the various petrophysical methods were applied. As a result the regularity in changing of rocks density, carbonate contents, porosity, permeability and the propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves in them were established. However, in tectonically complex structures of the Siyazan monocline the applied methods have not given expected results of studies because of their severe dislocation and outlet to the surface. Taking this into account the reservoir characteristics studies of rock samples of considered ages from fields being developed in the north-eastern slope of the south-east Greater Caucasus dipping were conducted. The main objective is to study the petrophysical parameters and reservoir rocks properties of the Cretaceous, Paleogene-Miocene age in tectonically complex uplifts of Yalama, Khudat and Siyazan monocline placed at southeast Greater Caucasus dipping due to its petroleum potential.

Natural hydrates are a form of the gas existence in depths and a promising source of hydrocarbon gas. Manmade hydrates in bottom-hole zones and wellbores complicate hydrocarbon production, reducing production rates. In oil and gas collection systems hydrates are deposited under certain conditions of temperature and pressure on the walls of the pipes and increase its hydraulic resistance, thereby increasing energy consumption. The presence of hydrates in streams of producing fluid increases the wear of prefabricated collectors, reducing their life. In hydrocarbon field preparation`s systems (heat exchange equipment, separators, throttle devices, ejectors) hydrate deposition degrades technological processes. Hydrate formation in machinery and equipment (compressor, expander) collection and treatment systems lead to accidents. In gas pipeline transport the hydrate deposition reduces its effectiveness. To solve problems associated with technogenic hydrates and gas production from natural hydrates, it is necessary to know the basic features of their formation. The article contains modern concepts of single- and multi-component gashydrates formation (natural and oil), which occur in natural and technical systems. Authors hope that the paper will be useful to a wide range of readers, especially students and staff of higher education institutions of oil and gas profile, as well as professionals, industrial activity of whom is connected with production, collection, preparation and transportation of natural and oil gases. Based on the systematization and analysis of more than a thousand experimental research and practical applications in this area over the period since 1780 to the present time, the authors have identified some features of the hydrate formation from single or multi-component gases.

The achievement of project indicators of complex reservoirs` development through integrated management of oil and gas reserves` recovery requires the use of models that adequately reflect the geological structure of the medium, which determines the filtration flows direction during waterflooding. Their reliability increases based on the analysis of lithofacies features of productive part of the cut and enclosing sediments formation, reservoir features prediction in the inter-well space. It is known that the heterogeneity of macro level (sand content, segmentation) plays a crucial role in the formation of primary directions of reservoir fluid`s filtration flows. Microinhomogeneity (anisotropy, lateral variability in the permeability) has an impact on the nature of mass transfer processes, the target fluid`s displacement indicators and the phase permeability changing. Analyzing the the productive section of the AV11-2 reservoir, which is the most lithologically volatile in the Samotlor field, a special attention was given to textural characteristics (monolithicity and segmentation) of collectors. As a result, based on the ratio of two basic parameters Hef и αps, formation reservoirs were classified into three main classes: with massive texture, with thin-layered structure and with mixed texture. As a result of detailed studies of the geological and physical characteristic`s features of structure and, taking into account the results of facies analysis for each of layers, criteria referring to a particular type were formed. It was found that the productive strata gof the roup AB are characterized by a very complex facies formation environment, which occurred mainly in the coastal-marine conditions, in the areas of semi-enclosed sea gulfs and lagoons, deltaic subtraction of paleorivers. This affected both the nature of the various deposits types` distribution and their structure, and resulted in a significant heterogeneity of reservoir properties. The research results allowed to allocate within the considered layers zones with different facies. It was found that the most effective barrier waterflooding is in the avandelta area. The influence of reservoir facies affiliation on the effectiveness of the barrier flooding associated with distribution characteristics of interlayers with different permeability and of reservoir segmentation degree was explained. The recommendations for optimizing the barrier waterflooding techniques depending on the facial characteristics of the area were developed.

Safety working out water-soluble ore fields in many ways depends on the stability of chamber development system`s elements. To monitor the interchamber pillars` status a method of experimental and theoretical evaluation of the geomechanical processes taking place in the array was developed, the essence of which lies in the meaningful results interpretation of mechanical characteristics and the stress state experimental studies of load-carrying structures by mathematical modeling methods. The article describes the method of estimating the marginal rock array`s stress state. The tension control was made using an acoustic memory effect. The measurements were performed in the wells with the help of a Goodman hydraulic jack. Its feature is the ability to create a load on the borehole array in the same plane, that allows to evaluate the stress magnitude in various directions. During the loading of the measuring borehole walls there is a discontinuous increase in the activity of acoustic emission. The pressure, which is logged in the hydraulic system, was taken at the level of the natural stresses acting in the marginal array. As a result of complex laboratory and field studies methodological features of stress analysis were identified using memory effects in salt rocks of the Verkhnekamskoye potash salt deposit. The experimental data analysis showed that in the “fresh” interchamber pillars a bearing pressure maximum is located near the contour of exposure and in 1.8-2.0 times higher than the load of of the overlying rocks` weight (g H ). In the central part of the pillar the vertical stress level is 1.25-1.4 g H . With the increase in pillars` service life the marginal array`s stresses magnitude declines to the stress level of the overlying rocks weight. The horizontal stress increases with moving from the pillar contour and are approximately 60-70% of the vertical. These instrumental measurements results are a source data for assessing the long-term sustainability of interchamber pillars in sylvinite layers mining.

The subject of research is an influence pattern of quasioptimal quick acting movement control of lifting cranes with a load flexible suspension on dynamic movement characteristics. The purpose of the work lies in the synthesis of quasioptimal crane movement control when its accelerating with the elimination of load fluctuations, as well as in the study of the crane movement dynamics at the quasioptimal control. The paper proposed to switch from an optimal control of crane movements to control, which is described by a continuous function. In order to achieve specified final conditions of movement by the system “crane-load” an algebraic system of transcendental equations was composed, which was leaded to the target of minimizing the complex function of three arguments. By using the particle swarm method points in time were found at which there was a change in the control character (the driving force of the crane actuator). Simulation of crane movements at quasioptimal control made it possible to find its basic dynamic characteristics during acceleration. Comparative analysis of the data showed a significant reduction of dynamic loads in the crane elements. The transitional regime duration of the crane movement in comparison with the optimal control increases slightly. Thus, by increasing the duration of the crane`s non-essential movement cycle (for tens of seconds) an increase in the durability of the crane steel structures, mechanical gears, motor, power inverter, and other elements is achieved. The obtained results should be used for the development and modernization of movement control systems for lifting equipment, which require a significant productivity, energy efficiency and durability (for example, cranes that are extensively exploited in ports, metallurgical and machine-building enterprises, construction sites, warehouses).