Perm Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering

Many Geological exploration and Geophysical assessments have been conducted recently in Azerbaijan which based on Oil and gas perspective of deeper layers, scientific criterion have been prepared that can be basement for the future exploration. It was noted that main oil and gas deposits are related with South Caspian and Kura basin which exposed to intensive depression during the Mesozoic period. The quantity and numerical expression has not been reflected properly yet, despite the high perceptivity of the central part and deeper layers doesn’t create suspicion in explorers. It is known that exploration, production and assessment of potential of Oil and gas deposits highly depends on the information gathered about the petro-physical characterization of strata encountered in geological profile. In this point of view the process mentioned above should be carried out in the oil and gas regions of Absheron and Baku Arxipelaqo the Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits are spread widely. In the article different geological-geochemical and physical aspects which affect the gas and collector potentials of oil and gas-condensate deposits encountered in area have been researched. Carried investigations show that, in the Paleo-profiles created along the Kurdakhany-Shahdeniz anticline in the north-west side of the field the Pliocene -Anthropogenic deposits were accumulated in small thickness from 100m to 200 m. The thickness increases in Qum island structure to 3600 m, in Shahdeniz to 6000 m. In the edges of synclines the thickness of named deposits have higher numbers which is in north-west is 3000 m and in Shah deniz around 10000 m. So, without enough knowledge about the collector characteristics of the strata of the field the estimation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and the determination of concrete of production as well as change in exploration direction is impossible. Beside the geological-geophysical investigations carried in the field, the Lithological-petrographic and collector characteristics, for the determination of change in conformity along the field, the carbon contest, porosity, permeability, density, granular content and the velocity of the sonic waves of the above mentioned strata, specially lower parts of it have been investigated. Correspondingly the table has been prepared which reflects the collector characteristics of the field. Also the upper, middle and lower limits of physical characteristics of the field has been identified in the table. At the same time, the dependence of collector characteristics on each-other, on depth and on different physical aspects have been assessed. The research showed that the same named and the same age rocks physical property change at the result of geological- physical process and getting different prices. The collector properties of rocks of productive unit have been learned. The physical properties of rocks of productive unit have been shown in the table. The table and the graphs have been compiled, which showed the petrophysical parameters in the area in time and place and the regularity their spreading in the column of productive unit.

It is known that the natural potential capacity of the productive terrigenous reservoirs is largely determined by their intergranular porosity and the nature of the packing of grains. However, in addition to this, the porosity of the reservoirs is greatly influenced by the shape of the grains, as well as the ratio of the content and distribution of grains of various sizes in the rock volume. There are widely known attempts to simulate the resulting effect of influencing factors on the multimodal distribution of intergranular porosity, some of which are considered in this paper. However, for comparison with real data, detailed analytical generalizations of the actual results of particle size analysis of core samples from wells of one of the well-known and long-running oil and gas fields of Azerbaijan are also described here. Studies covered the most characteristic of the region pelitic, silty, fine-grained sandy and medium-grained sandy fractions. The results of studies on the distribution of fractions are presented in the form of pie charts, from the examination of which it follows that in the composition of the first group of rocks (clay-silty sands), a fraction with a grain size of 0.175 mm dominates. Two other fractions with grain sizes of 0.055 and 0.01 mm occupy approximately the same volume; finally, the coarse grain fraction (0.25 mm) makes up a small part of the volume and may not be taken into account. nstalled patterns change of porosity depending on the fractional composition of precipitation and mechanical seals are indicative, however, calculation of the correlation coefficient between the paired fractions and the parameters are averaged particle size distribution and a reflective screening breeds showed that they are separate, unrelated functional dependencies. In this case, the influence of individual fractions, and most importantly their ratio on the size of intergranular porosity, is not the same. Detailing the modeling process of multimodal distribution showed that in this issue the use of fractal concepts is more efficient. As an option, a method for assessing the reservoir properties of oil-bearing rocks based on the calculated relationship between the index of fractality and oil saturation is considered.

Due to the constant increase in the number of fields entering the final stage of operation, oil companies are increasing their demand for integrated technologies that can simultaneously increase the coverage of the formation by the displacement process and reduce the water cut of well products. In this case, the traditional technology is flooding with viscous solutions of water-soluble polyacrylamide. The article provides an overview of polymer flooding technology, identifies the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, in particular, lists the factors that can influence the rheology of a polymer solution. Despite the widespread use of flooding based on polyacrylamide gels, this method has several limitations, which are primarily associated with the rheological characteristics of the polymer. The instability of the rheological characteristics of the polymer is a significant drawback, which can cause the unattainability of the desired oil recovery coefficient (CIN). An alternative for alignment of the injectivity profile is the technology of water flooding of the CHPG (polymer gel particles - preformed particle gels) based on a suspension of crosslinked polyacrylamide particles. The synthesis of such a polymer is carried out in advance and involves the formation of a three-dimensional structure (3D polymer). Based on the performed literature review, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of technologies based on water-soluble polyacrylamide and pre-crosslinked polyacrylamide particles is given, as a result, it is concluded that the latter are advantageous in a number of significant indicators. Polymers based on CHP do not change the rheological characteristics during the injection process, while the particles can change shape and tear, enveloping obstacles. In addition, the technology allows you to start the injection of a suspension with a smaller volume of reagent, sequentially selecting the optimal particle size distribution depending on the specific geological and technological conditions of the formation. NPG-based flooding has high prospects for implementation in Russian oil fields.

A steady growth trend in open pit depths and a corresponding increase in shoulder haulage in world practice of open pit mining have determined the main direction of the development of mining dump trucks - increasing their carrying capacity, which leads to an increase in the power of the power unit, overall dimensions of the engine, and the amount of fuel consumed. In winter, the preparation of a diesel engine with a special heating system at an air temperature of -40 ° C for start-up is 40-50 minutes. Due to the problems of starting the engine at low temperatures, diesel engines are often not jammed during the entire winter period, as a result of which the engine resource is generated, there is a significant excessive consumption of fuel and an increase in exhaust emissions. The main advantages of gas turbine engines are high efficiency at loads close to nominal, large aggregate power with low weight and dimensions (energy consumption is 1000-3000 kW / m3, 1000-2000 kW / t), high maneuverability and readiness for action (preparation for action - 10-15 minutes, start-up time - 120-180 s), adaptability to automation, high reliability, relative simplicity of design and maintenance, high manufacturability, the possibility of aggregate repair, easy and reliable start-up at low temperatures temperatures and lower exhaust emissions. The specific gravity of the gas turbine engine is much less and does not exceed 25-30% of the mass of the piston engine, which makes it possible to lighten the motor frame and increase the load capacity of the dump truck. The overall power of a gas turbine engine is also higher than that of a reciprocating one, therefore the former is characterized by a 2-3-fold margin in terms of the space in the engine compartment of the dump truck. In addition, the gas turbine engine allows you to work for a long time in conditions of high dust, use cheaper gas fuel and virtually eliminate oil. Small weight and compact dimensions, the possibility of obtaining high power in one unit and remote control, along with its easy and reliable starting at low temperatures, make gas turbine engines very attractive for use on heavy-duty mining dump trucks, road trains with active trailers and semi-trailers, especially in northern and arctic areas.