CONSTRUCTION AND GEOTECHNICS

The problem of construction in the conditions of permafrost (permafrost) soil distribution is considered, taking into account the fixed climate change. The data on changes in climatic conditions on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as in the area of the construction site (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) are given. The analysis of observations of near-surface air temperature shows an increase in the average annual temperatures relative to the normative values by 2-2.5 °C, which significantly affects the temperature regime of soils.The results of static tests of soils with piles in thawed and frozen conditions of the construction site are given. According to the results of static tests of soils with piles, it is revealed that private values of pile bearing capacity in melted soils for indentation loads are 2.5 times lower than in similar frozen soils.The article presents the results of observations of the temperature regime of soils during the period of thermal stabilization of the soil foundation during the construction of a residential building. Based on the results of observations, the periods of ice-soil massif formation under the structure, as well as its degradation during the warm period of the year are revealed.Numerical modeling of the temperature regime of the foundation soils was performed in the Midas FEA NX software package taking into account the actual climatic parameters and initial temperatures of soils.According to the results of numerical simulation, a visual representation of the stages of frozen ground massif formation was obtained, from creation of separate ice-soil elements around thermal stabilizers, with gradual freezing of frozen zones into a continuous ice-soil massif. Also, as a result of numerical modeling the temperature distribution in the ground base was obtained. The predicted temperature calculations were compared with the results of ground base temperature measurements.

It is well known that tunneling using the shield method often causes deformations in the soil mass and on the surface. As a result, the potential damage from tunneling operations to overlying structures in the zone of influence depends on a number of factors, namely: the soil mass and its characteristics, technical and technological features of the tunnel and tunneling machine. And it is numerical methods that make it possible to most reliably simulate the conditions of tunneling close to real ones. The purpose of the work is a review and comparative analysis of the methods of various authors for determining settlements and calculating the excess excavation ratio (volume loss) VL, analysis of the data provided, including field data, as well as determining the possibility of their improvement.With the help of a comprehensive comparative and content analysis of various approaches to determining the settlements of the earth's surface and the excess excavation ratio (volume loss) VL of tunneling operations, the paper presents the main types of numerical methods for calculating the settlements of the earth's surface and the excess excavation ratio (volume loss) VL in chronological order of their occurrence.The analysis of a variety of numerical methods, examples of values of settlements of the earth's surface and the excess excavation ratio (volume loss) VL from sources of various years, provides a broader overview of the results of tunneling operations. The results of the most significant studies are presented. Some approaches to the formation of theories of the most interesting and cited studies are analyzed and explained.Since the settlements of the earth's surface and, accordingly, the overlying structures determines the presence or absence of measures to reduce the impact on them or protection, their correct definition allows you to reduce the cost of construction during tunneling in the zone of influence. Accordingly, there is a further need to develop this geotechnical direction using numerical methods in search of optimal and high-quality solutions for determining settlements from tunneling operations and calculating the excess excavation ratio (volume loss) VL, as well as for possible improvement of regulatory documentation in this area.

Modern information technologies play an important role in various fields of activity, including construction production. They provide the opportunity to improve the efficiency and quality of the production process and the goods or services produced. In this regard, many large enterprises are beginning to actively use digital technologies to achieve high performance.One of the promising areas in this area is the integrated formation of optimization of resource scheduling. This allows for more efficient use of resources and time, which in turn helps reduce costs and improve the quality of work.However, like any new technology, integrated formation has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, the use of digital technologies can be difficult due to insufficient qualifications of staff, difficulty integrating with existing systems and problems with data availability.However, the use of integrated optimization formations for resource scheduling is still a relevant and effective approach for the construction industry. One of the most promising areas is the use of information modeling technologies. These technologies make it possible to create a virtual model of a construction site, which simplifies the process of design, construction and operation.For the successful implementation of integrated formation based on information modeling technologies, it is necessary to analyze the current state of the enterprise and determine the most suitable methods and tools. It is also important to take into account the needs and capabilities of the company so that the implementation of the new system is as effective as possible.The article identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the integrated formation of optimization of resource-calendar planning for finishing work of residential buildings. The directions of using integrated formations in optimizing resource scheduling, as well as the relevance and effectiveness of introducing information modeling technologies into the construction industry are considered. Methods of application are described and recommendations are given for the implementation of integrated formation using information modeling technologies.