PNRPU Bulletin. Electrotechnics, Informational Technologies, Control Systems

The article considers the least-square method as a technique of the generalized multivariate interpolation. The interpolation instrument is the generalization of the Lagrange interpolation with all its features. The interpolator allows us to use in the interpolation polynomial arbitrary functions or arbitrary combinations of arbitrary functions of arbitrary variables or their combinations from the original multidimensional set of them. The authors suggest the method of calculation of the least-square method approximating value by the algorithm similar to the calculation of the Lagrange interpolation instrument. This study develops the Kramer`s rule and suggests the method which allows to receive the product of reciprocal matrix and every matrix matched without inversion inclusive identity matrix. It is shown that the least squares approximation can be represented as a sum of determinants relations. The authors describe evident methods advantages which are not used in the practical work - possibility to get by one matrix expression several correlations through the least-square method and to modify the interpolated variable by the Lagrange interpolation instrument. An example of the application of least squares interpolation is presented for the case of finding two functional dependencies of parameters which are linear with respect to unknowns parameters and arbitrary known functions from two independent variables. Functional dependences of the proportion of normal pentane and isopentane in the isopentane fraction on process parameters (pressure and temperature) on the industrial isomerization unit of the pentane-hexane fraction are obtained. The obtained results can be applied to the task of controlling the temperature of the top of the deisopentanization column in order to maintain the optimum content of normal pentane in the isopentane to be separated, which will allow to optimize the consumption of thermal energy.

Eight-ports of different designs, namely eight-ports with two input and six output terminals, eight-ports with three input and five output outputs, eight-ports with four input and four output terminals, eight-poles with five input and three output terminals, eight-ports with six input terminals and two output terminals are needed to replace some energy objects. Especially when only the input and output characteristics of electrical energy are of interest. The singularities of the state of the eight-terminal network are described by the equations of various forms. To describe the state of an eight-terminal network with two input and six output terminals in power engineering, the A-form equations are most often used. And for the realization of these equations it is necessary to have information about the numerical values of the corresponding coefficients. The article presents one of the possible variants of the experimental determination of these coefficients. For the experimental determination of the numerical values of the coefficients of the A-form equations describing the state of the eight-terminal network with two input and six output terminals, it is required to perform ten experiments. The results of these experiments will make it possible to obtain the numerical values of the components of the ten variants of the A-form equations. A joint solution of these equations will allow us to determine the numerical values of the coefficients of the A-form equations estimating the state of the passive eight-terminal network with two input and six output pins. In principle, they can be used to evaluate the state of active eight-ports of a similar design. The numerical values of these coefficients will allow us to determine the numerical values of the coefficients of equations of other forms describing the state of the same eight-terminal network. Information on the numerical values of the coefficients of the eight-terminal network will make it possible to establish a quantitative relationship between the input and output characteristics of electrical energy.

The additional professional programs of polytechnic university staff in the field of e-learning are presented for Applied Geology, Machine Engineering and Building Engineering. The program title is «The implementation of the main professional program using e-learning». The federal state educational standard in education and pedagogical science (44.06.01 - higher qualification specialist) and the professional standard (01.004 - the teacher of professional training, professional education and additional professional education) are the foundation of these programs. The additional professional program in the field of e-learning comprises two academic modules: the state policy in education field as the common module and the special modules for Applied Geology, Machine Engineering or Building Engineering. The common academic module includes the following main topics: the education system structure of the Russian Federation, the organization principles of educational activities, the rights and responsibilities of teachers and students, the state planning and regulation of educational activities, the management of the education system, economic fundamentals and financial support, the international cooperation in the educational field. The special academic module for Applied Geology includes the topics: basic statistics (mode, median, variance, standard deviation) for the estimates of the main characteristics of deposits within the territories with complex geological structure; statistical hypotheses and analysis of the geological structure; variance analysis to assess the homogeneity of the groups in petroleum-geological zoning; software Statistica. The special academic module for Machine Engineering includes the topics: the organizing principle of traffic control in the machine tool with numerical control, closed and open system of control, system feedback sensors, ISO 7-bit (basic concepts, frame, word, address, number, format of frame), organization sequential execution of the control program, modality, group modalities, description of G-codes and M-codes, the development of control programs. The special academic module for Building Engineering includes the topics: information modeling in the building engineering and technologies, the program package of building information modeling (BIM), organization of the project file, exploring the interface, assessment of functionality, functional features of BIM, using of simulation tools, working with objects, modeling of your own objects, getting information from digital building models (types, specifications, statements, catalogs, etc.), modeling of tall buildings, validation of the models, technology cloud and mobile access to BIM data, the documentation design, external links, templates and tools to further development of the model. The staff trainees of the additional professional program defend the final certification work. The individual assignments of the final certification work are the development of methodical guidelines for different disciplines, students’ methodical guidelines on research work, lecture courses and manuals, textbooks, manuals to laboratory work, manuals to self-study work or the preparation of scientific publication, e-learning materials, web resources and special interactive programs.

The introduction of redundancy is one of the most effective methods of ensuring reliability, fault tolerance. Active reliability implies the presence of a voting device by the majority of votes. In the case of tripling, this device is called the majority element (Majority Voter). Failure (error) in one of the three channels is parried or masked (that is, "not noticed") by the system, and this requires three power supplies. For parrying failures in the most majority element, which calculates the logical function of voting for most units, three majority elements are used, giving information to the next three channels. If, however, this final device, for example, shaping the control effect on actuators having only one control loop, then one majority element must be used. Therefore, special demands are placed on the fault tolerance of the majority elements. It is assumed that its probability of failure-free operation is much higher than the probability of trouble-free operation of the channel of equipment. Sometimes even the probability of trouble-free operation of the majoritarian is equated to unity, which, of course, is an exaggeration. As a majority, a CMOS circuit containing 12 transistors is often used. In this case, 6 transistors realize the subcircuit of connection of the "+" power supply and 6 transistors realize the subcircuit of the bus connection "zero volts", since the complexity of the corresponding bracket form of the logic function is 5 and 2 of the transistor is an inverter. Reducing the complexity of the majority is possible only by using a circuit on the pass transistors. The article examines the majority scheme found in the literature on 6 pass transistors. Objective: The analysis and modeling of the majority element on 6 pass transistors, development and evaluation of the efficiency of the redundant circuit.

The article presents a new approach to the synthesis of methods of automatic control of objects, based on the use of the concept of inverse dynamic problems and gives some results of experimental studies that illustrate the advantages of the proposed method over the PID method. The essence of PID-regulation of objects and the reasons, causing the necessity of searching for methods of automatic regulation, which are alternative to PID-regulation, are briefly considered. As an object of investigation, an additional 30 kVA alternating current generating system was chosen, which is used on modern Russian aircraft. The choice of this system, as an object of research, is due to the fact that at present the power capacity of aircraft is very high, since modern electronic systems of control, navigation and communications are widely used in modern aircraft, and the concept of a "fully electrified aircraft" is very actual. The method and algorithm for automatic control of objects based on the concept of inverse problems of dynamics and difference equations describing the relationships between the values of the controlled variable of the object and the control actions generated by the regulator was placed in the basis of the adaptive controller, which in turn was realized as an S-function and the corresponding block in the MatLab Simulink package. When used in the control system of the adaptive regulator of pulsation and distortion of the shape of the regulated signals (voltage and current) are practically absent, and, where they are, are within the permissible range. In case of any abnormal situations, at any time, the synthesized controller performs its functions in full and extremely correctly, maintaining the required values of current and voltage in the specified range. It is shown that the proposed method of synthesis of automatic regulators is sufficiently universal and allows to synthesize regulators for all control objects whose operation can be described both by ordinary differential equations and difference equations of various orders.

The aim of this paper is to define the design features of information management system of university teaching processes. The development of the system is essential as it helps to reduce time the worker spends on a particular process as well as to improve the work of university as a whole (the system will improve the quality of main business- processes). The paper contains description of university teaching department as a business-processes owner, main business-processes connected with the department, problems of organization of these business-processes. Moreover, there are requirements and design features for developing information management system. There are several points that were emphasized as design features of system: the description of the main business-processes of university teaching department, the description of the main actors of the system (including pro-rector as an individual actor, who manages university teaching department and determines the requirements for the system and carry out business-processes according to university development strategy. In this paper there are also an architecture and software components for needed functions performance. The information management system has Web Server architecture with the use of cloud storages. The designed system also uses the independent components, which increases the possibility to include extra-modules for function expansion where appropriate. At the end there is a list of design features of information management system of university teaching processes, stated by authors.