Construction and Geotechnics

In the soil conditions, typical for the city of Saratov, piles on Fundex technology with a loss screw tip of DPOS-4E are executed. After the long «relaxation» of piles without loading guaranteeing completion generally of processes of compaction, consolidation, restitution of the water and colloid communications additional engineering-geological researches are executed and the complex of laboratory researches of parameters of the near pile array of a soil is conducted. Physicomechanical characteristics of the basis immediately at a lateral area and at the lower end of a pile, apart by 1 m are received from its side and in a soil of natural addition. Results are compared in a tabular and graphic form. Conclusions are drawn on the nature of changes of physical, strength and deformation characteristics of the near pile array of a soil at various distance from a lateral area of a pile. The essential differences in formation of the condensed soil zones around Fundex piles from the traditional displacing drive and pressed piles influencing a carrying capacity (the extreme resistance) of the basis of stuffed piles are noted. Comparison of the obtained datas of laboratory with results of field tests of similar piles in identical soil conditions after long “relaxation” (3 months) in accordance with static indenting and pull out loads. Conclusions are drawn on need of additional pilot studies of the basis of Fundex piles for the wide range of soil conditions by laboratory and field methods with parallel tests by the dead pressing and pulling-out loads.

The use of prestressing of geosynthetics allows accelerate their inclusion in work, reduce deformations and gaining bearing capacity of artificial foundation. The article presents results of research of two methods of construction reinforced sand cushions. In the first case, the effect of prestressing is achieved due to a certain order of layer-by-layer soil compaction of the cushion, in the second - by laying of the swellable material between the contours of the foundations. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory tank with a pneumatic loading device. There are three stamps united by a common frame on the surface of the cushion. To assess the stress-strain state of the soil foundation, the non-contact digital tracer imaging method was used. The experimental results are presented in the graphs form of the dependence of the stamp settlement on pressure and vector fields of particle movements. Modeling has confirmed the high efficiency of prestressing. The ultimate pressure on the soil foundation with two-layer horizontal reinforcement and prestressing of the reinforcing layers in the first method was 195 kPa, in the second method - 165 kPa, whereas in the absence of prestressing this value was 110 kPa. Foundation deformations also decreased significantly.

The depletion of traditional fossil energy sources leads to an increasing development of non-traditional energy sources. One of the promising directions of alternative energy is the use of low-potential energy of the soil massif for heating buildings and structures for various purposes. Heat extraction is possible through the use of energy-efficient Foundation structures. However, their rational design is impossible without a careful assessment of a large number of factors that affect the potential value of thermal energy extracted from the earth's thickness. The purpose of this work was to build a whole methodology to assess the degree of influence of thermophysical characteristics of the soil mass, in particular, such as heat capacity and thermal conductivity, on the amount of heat energy selected energy-efficient pile. The formulation and analysis of the numerical experiment to identify the desired dependencies. The matrix of experiment planning is made. The numerical simulation of the energy-efficient pile of different geometric parameters in different soil conditions is performed. Statistical processing of the obtained experimental data was carried out. A quadratic regression equation was developed to determine the amount of heat through the side surface of the pile depending on the length of the pile, its diameter, heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the soil. The analysis of this equation for the purpose of estimation of degree of influence of initial thermophysical parameters of soil on value of thermal energy of the selected pile is carried out.

The main purpose of the reconstruction of this airport is to ensure that the engineering infrastructure complies with the modern requirements of air transportation services and transport security. In our opinion, the list of objects of reconstruction, which now includes an apron, lighting equipment, two checkpoints, a system for lighting aircraft parking places, a water supply network, communications, heat, perimeter fencing, etc., must necessarily enter and passenger terminal. While it is not listed. The article deals with the problem of determining the reliability and future operational suitability of the base and foundations of the passenger terminal at the «Sokol Magadan Airport» with a service life of more than 50 years. In this regard, a brief description of the natural conditions of the territory of the specified object is given. The peculiarity of the construction area is its seismicity (up to 8 points), deep seasonal freezing and insular distribution of permafrost soils. The problem is due to the fact that this building, consisting of two independent blocks, each of which was erected in different years on different types of pile foundations, practically began to undergo deformations after their commissioning. These deformations are manifested and manifest now on the external and internal walls in the form of cracks of different sizes. An attempt to determine their causes was made during the construction of the second half of the building, but it coincided in time with the collapse of the USSR, and therefore was not brought to a logical end. The object was put into operation without correcting the existing errors in the foundation device and foundation structures, as well as the necessary strengthening measures in such cases. In the future, it was limited to periodic redecoration and decommissioning of the most dangerous premises for people to visit. The present paper assesses the very difficult natural conditions of the territory (climate, island degrading permafrost, seismic), where the «Sokol Airport» has been operating for more than half a century. During this time, many objects of its engineering infrastructure as a result of negative interaction with the environment have received noticeable physical and moral deterioration. These include the passenger terminal. In this regard, they almost all need modern modernization and reconstruction, especially since «Sokol Airport» has received international status of Federal significance. The article substantiates the need for a geotechnical survey of the base and foundations of a deformable building. The implementation of this work is due to the alleged reprofiling of the problem building under the cargo terminal. The results of the survey will be used in the design of a new passenger terminal.

Reduction of reserves of traditional natural raw materials for production of porous aggregates forces to look for new ways of its replacement by various types of technogenic raw materials. At the same time, the experience of advanced Western foreign countries has shown the practical, economic, environmental and technical feasibility of this direction and application as a tool for protecting the natural environment from pollution. In the present work it is shown that the most appropriate use wastes fuel and energy complex in the manufacture of insulating materials, such as porous aggregates with heat conductivity not more than 0.25 W/m•operating system. Waste from anthracite flotation enrichment was used as a thinning agent and burnout additive. Waste flotation enrichment of anthracites have an increased content of PP (loss during calcination = 42.4 %) and carbon content (C = 13.84 %), so they were used for the production of porous aggregate not only as a thinner, but also as burnout additives. Developed on the basis of waste flotation enrichment of anthracites and beet compositions for porous aggregates, which have high rates of compressive strength and softening factor, and the mark on the bulk density does not exceed M400. Studies have shown that the porosity on the exterior of the product, in contrast to the internal almost no form, ie waste flotation enrichment of anthracites contributes to the porous filler closed pores. The presence of pores of isometric shape and oval closed porosity in the porous filler gives it mechanical strength, and slit-like pores have a harmful effect. Innovative proposals for obtaining a porous aggregate have been developed. A patent of the Russian Federation was obtained for the obtained method of producing a porous filler based on a liquid-glass composition.

The urgency of the design and construction of country houses in the style of fachwerk is noted. The definition of fachwerk is given. The system of criteria characterizing the fachwerk is listed: the presence of a frame with braces and enclosing filling with various materials: clay, ceramic brick, natural stone. It is noted that glass is one of the most popular materials used in construction, including individual houses. The concept of glass fachwerk as a frame with glazing elements is defined. It is noted that with the advent of new building materials and tools, the construction of country houses using the glass fachwerk technology underwent many changes that affected virtually all the elements of the house's construction: foundation, frame, joint system, roof, roof and glass. The modern technology for the construction of glass fachwerk is described. The requirements for double-glazed windows fachwerk are discussed: high strength, increased sound and heat insulation, protection from solar ultraviolet radiation. A wide range of double-glazed windows satisfying these requirements is given: sun-reflecting, energy-saving, multifunctional and safe (triplex) glasses. The advantages and disadvantages of suburban half-timbered glass houses are discussed. It is shown that the individuality of a glass-fachwerk country house is achieved by the variability of its glazing: frame, frameless, and also depending on the percentage of glazing at home. The conclusion is made about the prospects of country houses in the style of glass half-timbered for the regions of Russia, taking into account the use of new building materials.