Construction and Geotechnics

The construction and exploitation of the underground parking is accompanied by need of consideration of hydrogeological conditions in the construction site. Currently, there are tried-and-tested methods of maintaining a balance between the holding forces and the value of the hydrostatic pressure. But even in the presence of proven methods of calculation periodically there are cases of "pop-up" parking. The article is devoted to the researches directed to definition of the reasons, which caused the emersion of an underground parking in the city of St. Petersburg. The facts of negative impact of irregular emersion affect on the state of the basic constructions of a parking, waterproofing materials and the parking basis. In the article are mentioned problems of wrong consideration of hydrostatic pressure and violation of project of work production.

High strain dynamic pile testing is usual practice, and has many benefits that make its use highly attractive. However, it requires careful preparation, specific equipment, attention to detail and testing engineer skill to properly perform these tests. Engineer skills for testing largely determines the non-proliferation of the method in Russia. Without of understanding wave equation analyses, the test engineer may not realize when results are valid, or when capacity results may be only a lower bound. It is widely known that the capacity of driven piles may change with time after installation and for that reason restrike tests are generally recommended. It is also generally stated that the set per blow should be at least 2 mm, or otherwise the dynamic test may only yield a lower bound solution. To confirm or refute these recommendations, an analysis of the existing test database was conducted, as well as an analysis of the tests performed at the Perm region facilities. The article presents the conclusions of this analysis and practical recommendations.

The environmental situation in Russia is characterized by a high level of anthropogenic impact on the environment, significant environmental consequences of past economic activity. Their disposal and storage costs 8-10 % of the cost of products, so the disposal of such waste is of paramount importance.Due to the involvement of multi-tonnage waste in the production of ceramic materials of mass consumption, which include wall materials, it is possible to radically change the parameters of the raw material base of Russia, which also helps to reduce environmental tensions in the regions. The reduction of reserves of traditional natural raw materials makes us look for new ways to replace it with different types of waste. The experience of advanced foreign countries has shown the technical feasibility of this area and the use of more as a tool to protect the environment from pollution. However, almost all basic building materials can be made from waste or from waste in combination with natural raw materials. On the basis of fusible clay and waste basalt-gabbro-norite charge, which is formed in the production of mineral wool obtained ceramic brick with high physical and mechanical properties, brick grade M150 and above. The absolute advantage of the use of multi-tonnage waste is the unloading of the environmental situation, which contributes to the solution of industrial waste disposal and environmental protection. Innovative proposals for the use of waste from the production of mineral wool in the production of wall materials - ceramic bricks based on fusible clay, the novelty of which is confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation.

In the development of the energy industry in Russia, there has been a steady growth in the demand for electrical energy. Moreover, a significant increase in electricity consumption accounts for large cities. In rural areas, electricity consumption is mainly decreasing, which can be explained by the tendency of the outflow of the working-age population from the village and villages to the cities due to the lack of permanent work. However, when investing in the agro-industrial complex, with the development of farms, the demand for electricity also increases in villages. In addition, it is necessary to note the large-scale introduction of digital television and modern means of communication in holiday villages and villages. Thus, in the last decade, the demand for electricity throughout the country has increased significantly, which has led to an increase in communications and communications services, as well as consumers of these services. Since the easiest and most cost-effective way to provide consumer services and power supply is to lay down overhead lines and overhead power lines, it often happens that new customers are connected to already existing old (sometimes heavily worn out) lines. In addition to possible overloads of lines, a “tangle” of wires is formed at the intersections of overhead communication lines (VLS) and overhead transmission lines (VLE), which makes it difficult to carry out subsequent installation and repair work. The appearance of such a "tangle" creates an additional risk of injury to the worker when working at height. In order to reduce the complexity of maintenance and increase safety during operation, installation and maintenance of communication lines and power lines, a constructive solution has been proposed in junction intersections in the form of a traverse, which allows, firstly, to provide a greater number of attachment points and, secondly, to separate communication lines and power lines on different planes.

A article is devoted to study of the roads pavement condition influence with improved surface on the road traffic safety. The topicality of the issue is confirmed traffic police statistics and a significant list of scientific papers dealing with issues of water and heat balance of soil mass. The article deals with the road, located in the city and suburban areas. The work shows the temperature and humidity influence on the process of soil freezing and on the road surface integrity directly. Mathematical models of temperature distribution processes and filtration fluid movement in the ground are presented. In article offered option to improve the technical and operational characteristics of roads. It will have a positive impact on the traffic safety and smoothness.

The article discusses the feasibility of using computer test technologies to monitor student learning in a technical college. The main purpose of the federal state educational standards is the result of the educational process. The effectiveness of education is considered not as a set of knowledge and skills acquired by students from different academic disciplines, but as the ability of a learner to apply knowledge and skills in practical professional activities, as the formation by students of certain competencies. In assessing educational results, it is necessary to analyze the levels of education that have been achieved by students at a certain stage of study. Along with the traditional methods of assessing students learning of educational material for current and mid-term monitoring of academic achievement, it is advisable to use test technologies to form students' knowledge component of competences. The article discusses the advantages, place and limitations of test methods in the system of control and assessment of the formation of students' competencies. The use of test tasks for technical disciplines in order to assess the formation of basic concepts of the discipline among students, assimilation by students of educational material is very effective and useful. But to evaluate the student's ability to concretize his answer with examples, the ability to logically and convincingly express his thoughts, analyze the depth of knowledge and practical skills of solving the student's problems using test techniques are unlikely to work. Despite these shortcomings of testing as a method of pedagogical control, its positive aspects (efficiency, objectivity, systematic conducting, teaching testing function, computer implementation of testing) make this form of knowledge diagnostics a promising direction for the development of pedagogical measurements in the system of training qualified personnel of various levels in the construction industry.